Before that, I got a couple of pictures showing H-6M carrying YJ-83K and Z-9C carrying what appears to be TL-10. Sorry, there really isn't much going on with PLA these days with the Olympics right around the corner. The country is pretty much focused on one thing.
Here is the story in it's picture format, you can view it to see it a little larger:
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1956年,中国制造的第一架喷气式歼击机在我国东北沈阳成功飞上蓝天,实现了中国人的梦想。进入20世纪80年代末期,随着改革开放的深入和经济建设的发展,中国的综合国力有了很大提升。中央军委根据现代战争的特点,决定集中力量发展空军装备,引进部分国外先进飞机和先进技术,尽快消化吸收新技术并加速国产化的进程。这一光荣任务由中国一航沈阳飞机设计研究所担任飞机主设计,中国一航沈阳飞机工业(集团)公司担任主制造,从此掀开了中国歼击机制造史新的一页。
项目管理工程
伴随着重点工程的全面启动,作为战斗机设计的主机所——一航沈阳所,面临着严峻考验。参研单位上百个,研制环环相扣,与此同时,两大系列十多个型号、数十个预研课题高度并行。面对挑战,一航沈阳所迎难而上,深入推进管理创新,为重点工程的顺利开展提供了有力保障。
针对多型号、多任务高度交叉并行、人力资源不足的矛盾,一航沈阳所大胆变革传统科研运行模式,引进先进的现代项目管理理论方法,逐步推行职能管理与项目管理相结合的矩阵管理模式,重点型号实行项目管理,组成项目工作团队,工作任务层层分解,落实到人。一航沈阳所从全所各部门抽调技术和管理上的精兵强将,组成结构发图项目团队,集智攻关,并辅以全所的优势资源作保障,确保按计划、优质完成发图任务。成立发图领导小组、技术小组、计算机支持小组和后勤保障小组,解决发图中遇到的各类技术问题;建立发图技术网站和标准信息网站,实现资源共享。经过连续10个半月的超常规奋战,飞机二维图纸和三维数模,正式移交沈飞公司。通过推行项目管理,实现了资源共享,提高了工作效率,提升了员工的综合素质,有力地促进了重点工程研制任务的顺利完成。
三代机的研制是一项集多领域、高科技于一身的极为复杂的系统工程,要对飞机平台进行多项优化设计,自主创新研制达到国际先进三代机水平的综合航电系统,并完成新型发动机的装机试飞,要在5、6年完成常规需要8到10年的研制任务,其难度和风险是可想而知的。为降低研制风险,确保工程研制进度,型号总设计师系统合理安排,做出了多项降低研制风险、缩短研制周期的重大部署。建立了全机理论外型数模和厂所之间数据传输网络,实现了工程数据网上传输,形成了产品设计、制造、更改全过程的数据管理系统。在外翼、垂尾、起落架等独立部件上,全面应用了数字化设计、制造技术。这一技术的推广应用,简化了设计、制造环节,显著提高了产品协调精度和质量,实现了对生产过程高效管理和控制,缩短了研制周期,降低了成本。建立面向制造的飞机数字模型,进行计算机模拟安装协调,不但为工厂提供了直接用于制造的数据,减少了制造中的协调问题,而且为飞机的改进、改型打下了基础。
调整飞机首飞状态,分状态进行首飞。这项创新,将新技术应用分布于不同飞机,分别试飞,突出重点,各个击破。每架飞机承担不同的试验任务,既保证了各模块的进度,又不受其他各模块意外的影响,逐步达到全状态首飞。他们为新研制的综合航电系统安排领先试飞,使飞机的关键技术得到早期验证。对于新武器系统的制导、应用技术、新材料等新成果、新技术、新成品,都率先在已经研制成功的飞机上采用,实现突破、验证后,再在三代机各机型上进行推广和应用。提前安排发动机在成熟的机体平台上进行科研和定型试飞,通过各项试飞,攻克了大量的技术关键,重点解决了飞机和发动机匹配问题,保证了新型战机按期交付。
提前启动材料、标准件研制工作。在型号没有正式立项之前,所里就提前组建了专门的材料、标准件研制队伍,用四年时间完成了与三代机相关的500多项机体材料、600多项标准件、300多项机载设备材料的研制工作,突破了关键技术,为机体平台研制提供了保障。这些重大部署,不仅使技术难关一一化解,关键技术一一成熟,形成了核心竞争力,而且化解了研制过程中的许多风险。
结合新机研制的特点,一航沈阳所在工程立项之初就编制了项目零级、一级网络图,规定了全机各系统研制目标和研制进度。在技术设计阶段,首次编制了全系统工作开发计划,规定了子系统级的研制任务和研制节点,为下达各项工作计划确定了技术依据。改进项目科研计划管理体制,变一级计划管理为三级计划管理,使每一项工作任务都分解落实到人。
在全状态飞机的研制工作中,试验室试验和机上地面试验是重点考核项目,针对每个试验项目都进行了工作结构分解,设立考核点,明确技术要求和技术责任人,及时暴露项目执行过程中出现的问题,做出风险评估,并提出解决措施。
数字并行工程
一航沈阳所结合三代机研制工作积极探索和创新基于飞机制造业数字化工程的飞机设计流程、技术组织体系和科研管理模式,不仅确保了重点型号研制的节点,也大大提升了飞机设计能力。为建立数字化设计和管理的技术体系,提高飞机设计质量和效率,一航沈阳所结合根据第三代飞机设计和制造、工艺准备和生产工作量大,周期紧张的实际情况决定采取IPT的组织模式并联合一航沈飞一并开展工作。建立了全新的飞机数字化研制流程。创建了产品数字化定义团队——IPT,组织结构上打破专业界限,从全所各专业和一航沈飞抽调设计和工艺人员创建了900多人的并行集中联合设计团队。其组织管理上具有高度的灵活性和适应性,人员和设备根据任务需要随时调配;技术上实行分层管理。办公形式是将900人的联合设计团队按部件分成7个IPT集中工作。IPT的组织和管理模式不以研究室专业为单位,设计各专业高度并行、专业高度融合、更便于组织和协调,组织结构和管理更加合理化、科学化。
实现了设计与生产工艺的高度并行。按照传统的串行研制流程,如飞机前机身设计图纸交到沈飞后再进行工艺审查和工装设计,中间要经过设计更改等流程,需要几个月或者更长时间。实行了厂所联合设计后,沈飞工艺审查、工装设计人员在现场随时可对完成设计的飞机部件进行工艺审查和工装设计,有问题马上进行协商解决。大大加快了工艺设计和审查进度,研制周期大幅度缩短。
采用先进的数字化设计手段。运用先进的计算机硬件和软件构建数字化共享设计平台,建立了数据充分共享的四个数据库;建立全机结构及数字样机,各系统和部件采用三维数字化模型进行装配、检查和协调,在电脑前及时发现和解决了协调和结构干涉问题一万多项,实现了飞机设计的100%并行产品数字化定义、100% 虚拟装配、100%电子样机。
航电测试工程
三代战机综合航空电子系统,结构复杂,新技术密集。为了在短时间内研制出高水平的航电系统,从方案论证、系统设计、试验验证到技术管理,决策者和参研者们精于创新,大胆创新。他们把作战思想和战术使用,有机地融进系统设计中,把指挥引导、目标截获、态势显示、目标分配等技术结合在一起,形成强大的体系战斗力。完善的系统、分系统方案、数百页的飞行员操作程序、几千页的接口控制文件、十几万A4的设计图纸、数十万条的软件程序,还进行了系统、分系统的详细设计、制定技术规范,最后集成了一套套精细的装机产品。
为了最大限度对航电系统进行全面验证,结合系统的设计要求,试验人员开发组建了一套集多项先进技术为一体的动态仿真试验环境,实现了地面指挥引导与动态飞行仿真、视景、分系统激励器的有机结合,实现了以战场环境为核心的航电系统全任务、全动态的仿真。
材料实验工程
材料是先进装备研制的物质基础。按常规,需要8-10年才能完成的材料研制工程,60余个参研单位,仅用了4年时间,就取得了突破性进展。填补国内空白的数百项材料,仅试验用料就近百吨,涉及的材料规格上千个,完成各类试验几千项,试验件达数万个,保证了三代机后续研制的正常进行,实现了总体上不受制于人的目标。复合材料外翼完成初步打样设计后,再次碰到了技术难题:打样结果一定要满足总体刚度设计指标,否则复合材料结构设计方案的可行性将被打上问号。为此,主管总师决定在设计阶段进行复合材料外翼频率、模态的对比计算,验证刚度设计的准确性。频率、模态的计算是对结构设计人员设计能力的一次挑战。经过一遍又一遍的计算,一次又一次的攻关,经过多次失败,最终的计算结果与地面共振试验实测频率吻合良好,复合材料外翼设计保证了与金属外翼的刚度相当。这一结果为复合材料外翼设计方案的决策提供了科学依据,使结构材料设计向着成功又迈出了坚实的一步。
大吨位、全功能的燃油试验台的组建,堪称一块“硬骨头”。而科研人员硬是靠自己顽强拼搏和不懈努力,采用全新的设计理念,提出了“综合性、多功能、可持续发展的试验与研究相结合”的准确定位,打破技术常规,突破技术封锁,建成了一座可实现横滚、俯仰以及倒飞全模拟国内技术领先的综合性多自由度试验台。在短短三年内啃下了这块硬骨头。他们设计了新型液压系统,系统采用了全机28兆帕的压力体制、最大流量达215升/分的大功率系统,这在国内尚属首创。
人机工效工程
飞机生命保障系统配套关系复杂,系统研制涉及的技术领域和行业相当多。年轻的设计队伍在充分论证的基础上,结合总体要求和国内实际情况,大胆提出改变原来的系统配套关系,按照飞行员的生理卫生学要求和电子设备通风冷却要求进行设计改进,关键项目全新研制的全系统设计方案。为了适应三代机研制的需要,电源、电气专业人员着眼于机电综合管理和未来多电飞机的发展,对供电系统自动管理和检测进行了全新设计,开创了机载航空电源技术的新局面。自主开发了可作为第三代重型歼击机供电系统试验的综合验证平台;建立了用于飞机内供电系统实验先进水平的综合测试系统;首次采用供电系统与全航电系统进行交联试验的技术。
座舱作为飞行员与飞机交流的唯一界面,其重要性可想而知。随着飞机设计技术的发展,越来越多的飞行作战信息需要飞行员了解和处理,这也对座舱的设计和改进,提出了更高、更新的要求。工程技术人员将人机工效(PVI)的先进设计理念,贯彻到座舱结构设计当中,首次将三维全数字化综合设计手段用于座舱设计,实现了边协调、边设计、边完善的并行工作模式。改进后的座舱布局,采用了先进战斗机座舱显示控制技术方案,切实保证了设计质量和进度。
光电联试工程
C型件联试是航电系统研制的重要阶段,涉及显控、雷达、光电瞄准、通信导航、电子对抗等12个分系统,需要验证、测试的项目超过几百个,参试单位多、参试人员多,而且试验周期又很长。来自有关厂所等20多个单位的60余名工作人员,怀着“绝不让试验进度耽误在自己手里”的热望,从四面八方汇集到一航沈阳所,仅用9个月时间就高质量地完成了全部联试工作,这是国内三代机航电系统研制中历时最短的试验项目。
制造工艺工程
一航沈飞是中国歼击机的摇篮,几十年来先后研制生产了30多个型号数千架歼击机。对飞机工艺、生产流程都有着丰富的经验,但对从来没有干过的三代机来说,还是遇到了前所未有的困难。
首先,全公司职工为掌握三代机新工艺团结奋斗,顽强拼搏,在原技术资料与实物不协调、工装与制造依据不协调、工艺设备与制造技术不协调等复杂条件下,高效率地排除占零件工装总数63%的各类工装差异问题;处理23万个A4,占三代机第四阶段70%的工艺资料更改;合力解决了一个个技术合作的工艺技术缺陷给整个科研生产所带来的颠覆性难题。通过三代机的研制打造了一支在工装制造、数控加工、复合材料、钛合金加工、试飞实验等技术领域具有高超技术的一流团队,使企业的核心竞争力得到全面提升。
其次,第三代机在制造技术上与以往所生产飞机零件结构上最大不同的是,它广泛采用了钛合金材料,如飞机中央翼下壁板、机尾整流罩、发动机防护隔栏等钛合金用量达全机重量的15%。钛合金所必需采用的潜弧焊、穿透焊、双弧焊等焊接工艺对于沈飞来说是一个全新的制造领域。一航沈飞和一航材料院、一航制造所组成联合攻关组,攻下了这一难关。他们反复试验,仅试验用料就达800多公斤。像油箱下壁板焊缝全长达47米,现在技术工人都能操作自如,焊出的焊缝又平又好。钛合金零件焊接技术的掌握打通了三代机生产线,取得了重要的科研成果,填补了国内多项空白。他们在国内首次对飞机常用的钛合金材料,进行了多种焊接方法的试验研究,得到了系统详实的实验结果;首次对飞机钛合金重要承力构件的焊接质量,进行系统的实验研究,优化焊接工艺,获得优质的焊接接头;首次针对飞机用钛合金材料的焊接残余应力和残余变形,进行静态低应力无变形方法焊接;首次完成三代机飞机钛合金装机零件的合格焊接,为解决这一工艺难题提供了重要的工艺基础;为三代机上采用钛合金重要承力构件的设计与焊接制造提供了科学依据。
第三,攻克了钛学铣切的难关。钛合金化学铣是一种无刀痕、无切削力和零件无协调问题的特种加工方法,精度要求相当高。当时国内还没有相关的技术资料参数可供参考,这项技术在国内还是空白。然而,钛铣在第三代歼击机零件加工中占有很大比例,地位相当重要,它的技术掌握及应用程度,直接影响着三代机研制的进度和质量。
在钛合金课题攻关中,他们反复试验,寻找新的工艺方法,确定了适合的工艺参数,找到了钛合金最佳化铣工艺,滿足了三代机重点零件的加工需要。他们用国产化铣胶替代进口,降低了成本,保证了质量;解决了化铣样板与图纸不符的难题,终于全面掌握了三代机的钛铣技术。
第四,攻克了三代机进气道复合材料调节板制造难关。先进的歼击机大量采用了复合材料,复合材料钢度强,单位承重是铝的6倍,隐身效果好,力学性能可预先设计,是当今航空领域衡量飞机制造水平和性能高低的一个重要标志。他们自行设计制造了排布机、进行了热压罐的技术改造,按照复合材料的要求进行了环境改造。三代机进气道调节板经过工艺装备的准备、层压板的研制、下壁板固化实验,固化加压点选择,攻克了树脂工艺性、工装协调性、固化参数稳定性等技术难关,顺利制造出三代机需要的进气道调节板,为独立完成复合材料组件做出了贡献。
第五,一航沈飞理化实验中心首次通过大量实验确立了“镀锡-铋合金” 和“钛铣”分析方法,使新型槽液生产线顺利投产;工装科后机身设计室仅用一个月就复制出了三代机外翼总装型架,自行设计了机翼翻转机构、安装壁板装置、下架用车、减速器装置等;特设科攻克了研制电器盒检测设备难关,他们采用最新的PLC程控器技术进行控制,用计算机进行统一管理,采用触摸屏作为人机界面的设计方案获得成功。
改革开放使我国引进先进重型歼击机成为可能,从消化先进技术到自主设计创新,从艰难起步到成功首飞,从设计定型到成批装备部队,航空工业的干部职工为之呕心沥血,为之艰苦奋斗,他们勇敢地挑战多项国家级技术难题,圆满顺利地完成了三代机研制的光荣任务,取得了自主创新的重大科研成果,向党和人民交上满意的答卷。
Basically, it says that SAC has mastered the 3rd generation technology (which is 4th generation by Western standards) surrounding flankers. They had to develop an advanced integrated avionics system and also use a new engine in WS-10A.
J-11B used a lot of titanium alloy, up to 15% of the weight of the plane. It seemed like SAC's first experience of using large amount of titanium in a fighter jet.
Another area that required a lot of work is developing an intake using a lot of composite material. Talks about discovering how to make stronger and more stealth composite material.
It also talks about the pages after pages of A4 papers used in developing a modern avionics system and the plane itself.
Generally, this article doesn't do a lot other than promoting the works of SAC. Thats to be expected, but it should indicate that we probably have one full regiment (or close to that) of J-11B ready for combat at this point.
So, I guess the big question at this point is where to go from here and what is the main opponent of J-11B?
As I mentioned before, the two big variant expected for J-11B are the twin seater J-11BS and the naval variant J-15 (or some other title). Of course, these 3 main variants will be upgraded over time, but I would expect them to fall in line with this. If past experiences with J-8II and JH-7A are any indication, J-11 could also be used for reconnaissance, electronic warfare, buddy to buddy fuel tanker and even as a carrier based AEW. There are certainly many tasks they could use a heavy and rangy fighter like J-11 to do that can't be done with J-10.
In terms of the enemies, I would say J-11B and its future upgrades would be dealing with the super hornets, strike eagles and upgraded eagles. Japan just made an announcement to upgrade two more regiments of its F-15J. South Korea probably will have 60 F-15Ks. US still has F-15s stationed in this area. So, how does J-11B really fare against these F-15s. I would say that it has numerous advantages against the older F-15s. J-11B would probably be comparable to F-15K in air combat right now. They both have relatively modern avionics system, modern AAMs and advanced slotted array radar. Against upgraded AESA equipped F-15s with newer avionics/weapon system, J-11B would be at a slight disadvantage. However, that can easily be erased once J-11B gets more advanced AAMs and AESA radar. Against something like F-15SG, J-11B would also be facing a fighter with two vastly more powerful powerplants. I don't think J-11B (even with the more powerful WS-10A engines) would be able to match the flight performance of F-15SG. USAF is unlikely to go this route, so J-11B should maintain parity/superiority against possible F-15 opponents in the future.
The super hornets are likely to be carrier J-11s' main opponents in the coming years. As I have stated many times before, carrier J-11 is designed to be superior to super hornets in air combat. The main advantages that the super hornets have against flankers are the more modern avionics system, weapon package and lower RCS. Flankers would probably have advantage in range/payload and supersonic flight performance. It's hard to analyze much more than this, because so many other factors are important in naval air warfare. And, we really don't know how they will both look like 10 years from now.
I don't anticipate flankers to be much useful against stealth fighters, so I will stay clear of that one. Clearly, all the boasting by this newspaper and SAC cannot hide the fact that flankers have no chance against F-22/35. When USN and neigbhouring Asian countries have large numbers of JSF, flankers would pretty much be relegated to anti-shipping duties, EW duties and surveillance duties. While it is important to indigenize flankers, J-11 series really have a limited shelf life as the front-line fighter when compared to other historical PLAAF fighters. Now, one may argue that J-10 would face the same dilemma as J-11. However, one should look carefully at the induction of J-XX, which is expected to be a fighter in the su-27 class. You can form a high-low combination with J-XX and a future variant of J-10. It really would not make much sense to create a high-low combination of J-XX to J-11B. At the same time, J-11B is also probably 50% or more expensive than J-10 at this point. Of course, you can do more missions with J-11B than J-10 (which is why you get the added cost), but that would not make a lot of sense when J-XX joins the service. J-XX will be the expensive fighter, PLAAF will always need a cheaper fighter that can be easily mass produced. That's something we cannot say about J-11B. Also, it is probably much easier to make J-10 stealthier in the future, since it starts off as a more stealthy platform than J-11. As a younger platform, J-10 would also have more room for growth in the future than J-11. Close to homeland, PLAAF would even be able to send future J-10s against JSF. Can we really say the same about future flankers? At this point, the progress of future J-10B is more important to PLAAF than J-11B.
7 comments:
hey thanks for the article , just one thing, another forum said that it was the z-9D (maybe a new variant of z-9) ,maybe they read it on the chinese internet i dont know.
Good update, thanks for the info.
...and what is the latest on J-10B do you know?
not sure about Z-9D. Until that's confirmed, you have to stick with the existing designation.
J-10B has definitely flied. It's really hard to say more at this point. We need pictures.
Feng, could you explain how future J-10s can go against JSF. I understand that our J-10 will be much stealther in the future but still J-10 is not a stealth fighter, I can see that our J-10 will be just as stealth or even stealther than Rafale if we put in effort, but I still doubt it will be as good as JSF. So no matter what JSF will have BVR advantages over J-10 except WVR.
So the only hope and the SMART thing to do is to speed up J-XX development so that way we will have a totally even match against F-22, if we can handle F-22 then JSF will not pose a significant threat!!
Also, you fogort to mention that our J-11B can easily handle the indian's Su-30MKB. lol
BTW, Feng. I just read an artical written by the russians, the russians are SHAMLESS, they say that after Su-35BM got the newest Irbis-radar, it can dectect F-22 Raptor from 110km away, therefore in a BVR combact SU-35BM will shoot F-22 down first. LOL, LMFAO.
Feng, one regiment equal how many aircrafts?
upgraded J-10 will not be as good as JSF, however, it will be effective in countering JSF if it's fighting close to home, networked with all the anti-stealth radar they have worked on and with KJ-2000.
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